Published Article

ABSTRACT
An EMB without a strategic plan is like a pilot without a compass. The EMB secretariat is the policy implementation component in all EMB models. In EMBs under the Governmental Model, the secretariat is almost always the EMB, and may also assist in making policy under the direction of the executive branch of government. The EMB can be organized under three models of electoral management. In EMBs under the Independent Model, the EMB secretariat is the structure below the policymaking/supervisory EMB member level, and encompasses the officials in the EMB who are responsible for electoral implementation; both the membership and the secretariat of the EMB are institutionally independent. Where the Mixed Model is used, the component governmental EMB is the secretariat, which has responsibility for implementation. The component independent EMB will also have a secretariat to service its own administrative needs. Equally, where the Governmental Model is used, the membership (where it exists) and the secretariat are both part of the executive branch.
KEY WORDS: Planning and Implementing, EMB Activities, EMB Secretariat, Public Service