Published Article

ABSTRACT

This study explored the advantages and challenges of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics in the evolution of autonomous driving systems within modern transportation. 'Artificial intelligence' refers to the capability of machines and computer systems to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, decision-making, and problem-solving, while 'robotics' involves the design, programming, and operation of automated machines capable of carrying out tasks with minimal human intervention. The integration of AI and robotics has contributed significantly to the development of autonomous vehicles that can sense their environment, analyse road conditions, and make driving decisions automatically through technologies such as sensors, machine learning, LiDAR, radar, cameras, GPS, and onboard computers. The study further examines the major advantages of autonomous driving, including improved road safety, efficient traffic management, reduced fuel consumption, environmental sustainability, and increased accessibility for elderly and disabled individuals. However, despite these benefits, the study also explores several challenges affecting the implementation of autonomous driving technologies, such as sensor failures during poor weather conditions; cyber security threats; ethical and legal concerns; high operational costs; inadequate infrastructure; and limitations in regulatory frameworks. The study concluded that artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics have significantly contributed to the evolution of autonomous driving by improving vehicle intelligence, road safety, traffic management, and transportation efficiency. The study recommended that governments and transportation authorities should develop comprehensive legal and regulatory frameworks to guide the safe implementation and operation of autonomous vehicles.