GASPRO International Journal of Eminent Scholars

ABSTRACT
Theoretically, the paper considered learning theories and their adoption for effective
learning. Learning occurs through a series of learning events. People learn from one
another via observation, imitation, and modeling. People also learn through
observing others’ behaviours, attitudes, and outcomes of those behaviors. In other
words, learning involves constructing one's own knowledge from one's own
experiences. The study observed that learning tasks for intellectual skills are
organised in a hierarchy according to complexity: stimulus recognition, response
generation, procedure following, use of terminology, discrimination, concept
formation, rule application, and problem solving. In the light of social learning
theory, it is considered that "men's" cognitive and symbolic functioning is more
important in acquiring new behaviour than the psychoanalytic theory. In the same
manner, for cognitive strategies to be learned, there must be a chance to practise
developing new solutions to problems. The study concludes that gaining attention,
informing learners of objectives, stimulating recall of prior learning, presenting the
stimulus, providing learning guidance, eliciting performance, providing feedback,
assessing performance, and enhancing retention and transfer are conditions for
learning that must be accomplished before the next in order for learning to take
place. What distinguishes Tolman’s theory of cognition from other theories is that it
states that learning can occur without reinforcement. It was recommended in the
paper that it pays to understand the connections between concepts and breakdown
information with logical connections for the retention of material and better
understanding.
KEYWORDS: Learning theory, Social learning theory, Instructional
learning theory & Cognitive learning theory